The Role of Deliberate Practice in the Acquisition of Expert Performance

THE ROLE OF DELIBERATE PRACTICE IN THE ACQUISITION OF EXPERT PERFORMANCE Motivational Constraint A premise of our theoretical framework is that deliberate practice is not inherently enjoyable and that individuals are motivated to engage in it by its instrumental value in improving performance. Hence, interested individuals need to be engaging in the activity and motivated to improve performance before they begin deliberate practice. Bloom (1985b) found evidence supporting this implication.His interviews with international-level performers showed that parents typically initiated deliberate practice after allowing their children several months of playful engagement in the domain and after noticing that their children expressed interest and showed signs of promise. The social reactions of parents and other individuals in the immediate environment must be very important in establishing this original motivation. At the start of deliberate practice, parents help their child keep a regular daily practice schedule and point out the instrumental value of practice for improved performance (Bloom, 1985b).With increased experience and the aid of teachers and coaches, the developing individual is able to internalize methods for assessing improvement and can thus concurrently monitor the effects of practice. As individuals get more involved in the activities of a domain, competitions and public performances provide short-term goals for specific improvements. At this point the motivation to practice becomes so closely connected to the goal of becoming an expert performer and so integrated with the individual's daily life that motivation to practice, per se, cannot be easily assessed.Certain naturally occurring events and changes illuminate the relation between practice and performance. Activities in many domains, especially sports, are seasonal because most scheduled competitions occur during a single season of the year. If individuals enjoyed deliberate practice, they ought to practice at a uniformly high level all year. Instead, athletes train much harder during the preseason period and during the season itself; during the off season they often reduce the level of training dramatically (Reilly, 1990a; Reilly ; Secher, 1990).Many individuals who have practiced for a long period of time give up their aspirations to compete and excel in an activity. Without the goal of improving performance, the motivation to engage in practice vanishes. Kaminski, Mayer, and Ruoff (1984) found that many elite adolescents who decided to stop competing remained active in the domain but virtually stopped engaging in practice. Some individuals have had to terminate their professional careers for reasons unrelated to their ability to perform.In a longitudinal study of visual artists, Getzels and Csikszentmihalyi (1976) found that most artists were drawn to painting because it allowed social isolation. However, aspiring painters have to promote social relations with art dealer s, art critics, and buyers to gain notoriety, increase the demand for their art, and generate sufficient sales for full-time artistic activity. Failure to do so forced many of the best artists to take another job unrelated to painting.Once these artists could no longer commit sufficient time and energy to maintain and improve their performance they stopped painting completely because they could not accept performing at a lower level. This finding shows that the activity of painting as such is not inherently motivating but rather the act of producing art that satisfies the artists' subjective criteria for quality. DANCE Abstracts 1. Fink, A. & Woschnjak, S. (2011). Creativity and personality in professional dancers. Personality and Individual Differences, 51 (6), 754-758. AbstractIn this study three different groups of professional dancers (ballet, modern/contemporary and jazz/musical), which considerably vary with respect to the creativity-related demands involved in the respective dancing style, are compared with respect to psychometrically determined creativity, general mental ability and different facets of personality. Results indicate that modern/contemporary dancers, who are often required to freely improvise on stage, exhibited relatively high levels of verbal and figural creativity (as it was measured by means of psychometric creativity tests), followed by jazz/musical and finally by ballet dancers.With respect to personality, modern/contemporary dancers can be characterized as being less conscientious, higher on psychoticism and more open to experiences than the remaining experimental groups. In line with relevant research in this field, this study reveals some central personality characteristics of highly creative individuals which may be considered as important ingredients in the acquisition or actualization of exceptional creative potential. Highlights: > Dancers of different professions differ with respect to creativity and personality. > Modern d ancers score high on openness and psychoticism. Modern dancers show high levels of psychometrically determined creativity. Keywords: Creativity, Personality, Psychoticism, Openness, Dance 2. Martyn-Stevens, B. E. , Brown, L. E. , Beam, W. C. & Wiersma, L. D. (2012). Effects of a dance season on the physiological profile of collegiate female modern dancers. Med Sport, 16 (1), 1-5. Abstract Introduction: A collegiate modern dancer is a unique athlete because in addition to the physical demands of dance, she also has the artistic demands of creating and performing for a season of showcases, or in some cases, multiple showcases.In preparing for her dance season in addition to her academic schedule, a collegiate modern dancer’s training includes rigorous daily technique classes and rehearsals which may alter her fitness level across time. Objective: To determine the effects of a dance season on the physiological profile of collegiate female modern dancers. Methods: Eighteen colleg iate female modern dancers were measured for relative anaerobic power, fatigue index, upper body and lower body strength, aerobic capacity and body composition at both pre and post dance season.Results: At post season, there were significant improvements in relative anaerobic power (pre 7. 43 + 1. 01 W/kg, post 8. 00 + 0. 78 W/kg), body weight (pre 57. 80 + 5. 10, post 58. 72 + 5. 08), and body composition (pre 18. 60 + 2. 03%, post 17. 78 + 2. 49%), and a significant increase in fatigue index (pre 33. 38 + 9. 72%, post 38. 91 + 7. 49%). There were no significant changes in relative upper and lower body strength or aerobic capacity. Conclusions: The demands of a collegiate dance season resulted in improved power and lean mass but greater anaerobic fatigue in these female modern dancers

Organizational Behavior: Chapter 17, Notes

Institutionalization A condition that occurs when an organization takes ona life of its own, apart from any of its members, and acquires immortality. When an organization becomes institutionalized, it takes on a life of its own, apart from its founders or any of its members. When an organization becomes institutionalized, it becomes valued for itself, not merely for the goods or services it produces. It acquires immortality. If its original goals are no longer relevant, it doesn’t go out of business. Rather, it redefines itself. Institutionalization operates to produce common understandings among members about what is appropriate and, fundamentally, meaningful behavior. 3 So when an organization takes on institutional permanence, acceptable modes of behavior become largely self-evident to its members. As we’ll see, this is essentially the same thing that organizational culture does. So an understanding of what makes up an organization’s culture and how it is created, sustained, and learned will enhance our ability to explain and predict the behavior of people at work. rganizational culture A system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations. There are seven primary characteristics that, in aggregate, capture the essence of an organization’s culture: 1. Innovation and risk taking. The degree to which employees are encouraged to be innovative and take risks. 2. Attention to detail. The degree to which employees are expected to exhibit precision, analysis, and attention to detail. 3. Outcome orientation. The degree to which management focuses on results or outcomes rather than on the techniques and processes used to achieve those outcomes. 4. People orientation. The degree to which management decisions take into consideration the effect of outcomes on people within the organization. 5. Team orientation. The degree to which work activities are organized around teams rather than individuals. 6. Aggressiveness. The degree to which people are aggressive and competitive rather than easygoing. 7. Stability. The degree to which organizational activities emphasize maintaining the status quo in contrast to growth.

Reflection of lolita

Nabob develops this idea in his novel Elliot, in which the protagonist Humbler Humbler shows his longings and his seeking of control over time throughout his life story. In this story, Nabob also implies that lives are restricted by time; any seeking of the past time will fail at last and bring frustration. Whenever Humbler's dreams, or Ideals of seeking the past, conflict with the reality of the time restrictions, anguish emerges, and escalates Into his tragic end of life.Actually, Humbler Is deeply affected by his unfulfilled relationship with his nouns lover Enable, which results in his seeking of young girls and his pursuit of controlling over time. This unforgettable remark in Humbler's mind not only leads to his obsession with Elliot, a young girl who serves as another Enable for Humbler, but also leads to his fear and anxiety of the elapsing of time throughout his lifetime. Humbler has always been hoping to slip the leash of time with the help of his imagination and creation, either going back to the beautiful memories in the past, or staying immortal without aging.However, he is never in control when time flows by; hush, he suffers from the Impossibilities of achieving his Ideals. Although Humbler tries to govern the destiny by himself and wishes to stay at one exact moment, he cannot achieve his desire In reality. After all, Humbler Is always the prisoner In the cage of time, and so are all human beings. Time has a more exceptional value for Humbler than for normal people because Humbler has special interests in young girls, or in other words, he is a pedophilia.During his life of encountering these young girls, Humbler suffers because of the restrictions on the age of the girls that FLT the requirements of nymphets. Nymphets, as he describes, are â€Å"nymph's†¦ Creatures† that are â€Å"between the age limits of nine and fourteen† (p. 16). In this case, time, which may contain different values for different people, is much more val uable and significant to Humbler than to ordinary individuals for the reason that nymphets can only retain their identity for six years.Humbler simply wishes to be â€Å"[left] alone in [his] pubescent park, in [his] mossy garden,† which Is filled with his desires and appreciation for the nymphets. Regardless of the reality, Humbler has an Ideal of keeping the nymphets â€Å"play[long] round [him] forever,† as well as â€Å"never grow[long] up† (p. 21). Once again, Humbler hopes to free the nymphets from the shackles of time, and stay forever young in his which may bring him comfort, but never come true. Stopping aging is always an impossible action that human beings cannot achieve; however, Humbler holds a dream of preventing the flows of time.He wishes to remain at the same moment, or even return to the past all the while. As a matter of fact, Humbler's interests in young girls and his actions of seeking nymphets are results from his unaccomplished memories of his childhood. Tracing to his past, Humbler's relationship with a neighbor girl, whose name is Enable, affects his later life on a large scale. Back in Humbler's childhood, Enable, the â€Å"lovely child a few months [his] Junior,† and he are â€Å"madly, clumsily, shamelessly, agonizingly in love with each other† (p. 2). Unfortunately, the fact that they are â€Å"unable even to mate as slum children would have so easily found an opportunity to do† leaves permanent regret for Humbler. Still, â€Å"after twenty-nine years have elapsed,† Humbler views Enable as â€Å"the initial fateful elf† who used to be â€Å"on that same enchanted island of time† as he is (p. 8). The emotions that Humbler has toward Enable are extraordinarily deep and strong, as the â€Å"fierceness†¦ [in the] premature love [can] destroy adult lives† (p. 18).The pity of an uncompleted relationship is like a â€Å"wound†¦ [that] remain[s] ever open,â₠¬  (p. 18) and accompanies Humbler for the rest of his life. Deliberately standing at the same position when his unforgettable memory ends, Humbler chooses not to leave and give up his hope of continuing his memories, even if he is aging while carrying the scar that comes from his unsuccessful relationship with Enable. Humbler himself also realizes that â€Å"the rift in [his] life in the glitter of that remote summer† (p. 1 3).The â€Å"rift,† which is set between Enable and Humbler, between his past and present, or between his ideal and reality, is the obstacle that Humbler hopes to leap over. However, he is hopeless when he is in the cage of time, and the unavoidable aging makes his childhood that remains on the summer seashore and in the backyard garden unachievable. Nonetheless, Humbler is obstinate with his desire to escape the cage of time; he starts to fight the powerful fact with his imaginations and creations. Since the time that Enable dies, Humbler starts his seeking of another â€Å"Enable,† which ends up with his obsession of Elliot.Elliot, the objectified Enable, who is actually not a real person but a symbol of Humbler's childhood, is served as a satisfaction and remedy of his uncompleted experience with his former Enable. Just as Humbler confesses in the novel, he â€Å"surrenders to a sort of retrospective imagination,† which causes his â€Å"maddeningly complex prospect of [his] past† (p. 13). So deeply the memories affect Humbler that he is â€Å"convinced†¦ In a certain magic and fateful way Elliot began with Enable,† when he tries to â€Å"analyze his] own cravings, motives, actions and so forth† (p. 4). Elliot, who has â€Å"the same frail, honey-hued shoulders, the same silky supple bard back, the same chestnut head of hair† as Enable does, which cannot hide â€Å"from the gaze of [Humbler's] young memory,† is â€Å"the same child† as Enable in Humbler's memory (p. 39). Humbler comes up with the hallucination that he has â€Å"fondled†¦ The Juvenile breasts† of Elliot and â€Å"kissed granulated imprint left by the band of her shorts† on the â€Å"last mad immortal day behind the ‘Roaches Roses† when he first meets Elliot in the rented house (p. 39).From the descriptions of his feelings, it is inferred that Humbler sees Elliot, the daughter of his landlady, as a substitute, or a replicate of Enable in his to suck in every detail of her bright beauty' which he â€Å"check[s] against the features of [his] dead bride† (p. 39). Later, the â€Å"nouvelle Elliot,† which is â€Å"[Humbler's] Elliot,† tends to â€Å"eclipse completely her prototype† (p. 40). Just as Humbler states, he â€Å"[has] fallen in love with Elliot forever,† but the word forever â€Å"refer[s] only to [his] own passion† (p. 65). In other words, Humbler's perpetual love toward Elliot is based on †Å"the eternalElliot†¦ [that] reflected in [his] blood,† but not the actual figure existing in reality (p. 65). Indeed, Just as he states later in the story, â€Å"the attraction†¦ Of pure young forbidden fairy child-beauty' does not belong to â€Å"immaturity,† but from â€Å"security†¦ Where infinite perfections fill the gap between the little given and the great promised† (p. 264). It is the feeling of security in filling the gap, or leaping the rift, which is like â€Å"the great rosemary never-to-be-had,† (p. 264) that drives Humbler to seek his nymphets with great passion.Moreover, the impossibility of Humbler satisfying is desire, which is as dreary as a withered rose, creates the â€Å"miserable memories† for Humbler throughout his life (p. 1 3). In short, Elliot is Just a name for a image that Humbler creates. Humbler's possessiveness of Elliot is his attempt to seize his childhood memories regardless of time restrictions. No t surprisingly, the same rule of aging is applied to Elliot as well. As Humbler knows well to himself, Elliot will â€Å"not be forever Elliot† (p. 65). â€Å"She [will] be thirteen on January 1,† and â€Å"in two years or so she [will] cease being a nymphet and would turn into a young girl'†¦ En, into a ‘college girl† (p. 65). No one can stop the pace of aging no matter how desperate he is, and neither can Humbler. The result of the endless pursuit of stopping the time is a â€Å"horror of horrors† that rises inside Humbler. The pain of the incapability of preserving a nymphet again makes Humbler suffer. This Elliot, who is only a twelve-year-old girl when Humbler marries her mother and becomes her stepfather, that Humbler can â€Å"touch and smell and hear and see† has â€Å"iliac creates†¦ [that] [have] not yet flared,† and â€Å"a strident voice† as well as â€Å"the rich brown hair† (p. 65).However, she wil l not be the same Elliot after several years, and will â€Å"lose forever† (p. 66). Constrained by the cage of time, Humbler will never have Elliot as a nymphet forever; however, Elliot â€Å"will always be the girl [he] [is] infatuated with†¦ Even if she has grown old and not that innocent anymore†¦ In [his] dreams†. In his own world of dreams Humbler finally seeks the eternally of youth. Despite the great influence Humbler's past acts have on his obsession with nymphets and Elliot, his past also affects Humbler in his present life. Not a day is easy without anxiety and fear for the flow of time.The fear starts to emerge when Elliot is going to camp and leaving home for two months. For Humbler, the lost of time that â€Å"two whole months out of the two years of her remaining nymphs† makes it unaffordable and raises pain (p. 66). Later, after the death of Charlotte, Humbler sets off on a long car trip around America taking Elliot with him. In order to keep Elliot with him and possess her during her short nymph's years, Humbler moves frequently from one village to another and stays at hotels for most of the time, trying to avoid the expectedness of his immoral relationship with Elliot and the attention room the police.Moreover, during the trip after Elliot leaves her school, Humbler starts to have thoughts that are â€Å"more than hallucinations† (p. 217) because he is â€Å"Jealous of every male [Elliot] [meets]† and acts â€Å"queer[lay]† because of the worries Elliot from other males, including her classmates from school, that he tries to cut every possible way for her to access males, which is the normal thing that a growing teenage girl does. Humbler hopes to keep Elliot as his nymphet, who will not grow older and only belongs to him, by keeping her from ordinary behaviors and interactions with society that normal girls have.Despite the illustrations above, there are many more details that are described in the novel that reveal the â€Å"anxiety' and â€Å"pain,† which are raised from the restrictions of time, that Humbler suffers. The influence of Humbler's anxiety about time, and his failings to prevent the normal things that happen when time flows, make his life miserable and intense, and is mostly likely to cause Humbler to go mad and die from heart disease in Jail. However, Humbler, who portrays himself as a poet, is a romantic dreamer who fights against reality.When the reality of time impedes the way to his ideal world, Humbler finds another way, not through imagination but literature, to fulfill his desire. During his time in Jail, Humbler writes the novel Elliot to mourn for the loss of his love. The shallow purpose of Humbler writing the novel is to â€Å"make [Elliot] live in the minds of later generations† (p. 309). Only in this literary world, where Humbler successfully achieves control over time and his lover, can Humbler finally pursue â€Å"immortali ty' (p. 09). Noticing that in this fabricate world exists â€Å"the only immortality†¦ [that] [Elliot] ND [Humbler] may share,† Humbler achieves the fulfillment of his desire at last. In other words, sadly enough, it will never be possible for Humbler to pursue his desire in the actual world. Looking at the novel as a whole story applying the theme of time, it provides an assumption that Elliot is the symbol of the past who embodies the most exciting and memorable Junctions in Humbler's recollections.Besides, Charlotte and Guilty are symbols that represent the present because they are obstacles for Humbler to succeed in the chasing of his dreams. For Charlotte, her existence makes t impossible for Humbler to get close to Elliot and own Elliot as his possession. For Guilty, his intention and actions to seduce Elliot and take her away set Humbler in precautions of losing the possession of Elliot. Time is always Humbler's strongest enemy when he strives to achieve his dream of owning a perpetual nymphet.In this way, Humbler's behavior of planning to murder Charlotte and actually murdering Guilty can be viewed as Humbler's efforts to stop time and end its flow. On the other hand, the eventual flee of Elliot, which symbolizes the loss of the past, implies the ND of Humbler's dream to escape from the cage of time. To cite one line of the poem from T. S. Eliot, â€Å"That time is no healer: the patient is no longer here. Elliot has gone and left Humbler, as well as his childhood times; time is elapsing from one second to the next, never stopping. It is inevitable that Humbler's dream of governing time will finally be disillusioned no matter how hard he tries to pursue it. In conclusion, no one can escape the cage of time, and neither can Humbler. In the cage of reality, none of Humbler's desires will be achieved; however, Humbler has achieved them eventually in his fabricate world which is full of imaginations and hallucinations.The unfulfilled relations hip with his former lover Enable, being the cause of Humbler's desire to govern time, affects his aftermath life greatly by causing fear and anxiety for Humbler. To summarize, Humbler has never succeeded in breaking the cage of time to achieve his desire to stop time slapping. Moreover, it can be inferred that maybe another perspective, it can be interpreted that desire is the only thing that is over reality, which allows Humbler to break through the cage of time with his imaginations and be an idealist of his own.

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The influence of leadership of developing effective life-long learning experience for me - Essay Example In addition, the unit serves as a major basis for me to build new skills, (the most important being leadership skill) that other modules/units in my degree program may not have given me the opportunity to develop. For instance, I was able to identify a leader whom I admire, the themes/leadership qualities that enabled the leader to attain outstanding success in this area of endeavour and how I can emulate those qualities in my own personal development. I wish to evaluate how directly and indirectly their lives have influenced my circumstances as well as personality.In furtherance of the skills developed, I am able to adopt a critical thinking approach to several areas of my life, reflecting and constantly assessing my life to ensure continuous development/growth. I am able to challenge myself as an individual as well as my intellect and nurture my inbuilt abilities to bring out the leader in me.In the light of my continuous wish to excel in life, it is very important to state my back ground as well as early influences in life that induced a source of motivation in me to work hard in order to accomplish tasks towards success. My name is Mukaila Adegoke, born on 15th February 1962 in Iwo, the Osun State of Nigeria. This was the era when President John F Kennedy established his office as 35th president of the USA and gave a major input in the history of civil rights. President John F Kennedy pressurized the government authorities and organizations to provide work for African Americans equivalent to Britain Civil Service.

Summary and strong respond Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Summary and strong respond - Essay Example Several states have been on the move to completely do away with the use of the death penalty while in other states actions have been taken to limit its use. For example, The United States is one country where use of the death penalty has been highly controversial and greatly debated (Walker 10). Capital punishment has no confirmable preventive effect but in real sense, it has caused loss of life, and this may contribute to a cycle of violence that raises murder rates. This loss is brought about when a person kills another, the convicted person is killed, and this shows how the death penalty is costly more than keeping convicted murderers in prison for life. There has been a number of cases where innocent people have been condemned wrongfully due to lack of enough evidence. This has led to several innocent people being executed because there has been no standard guidelines regarding which criminal would receive a death sentence. Defendants who were poor, a member of a minority group, uneducated, or mentally ill received the death penalty more often than those who did not fit these characteristics (Walker 12). In the past, some states allowed the capital punishment for crimes such as rape, criminal assault, kidnapping, forgery, concealing the death or birth of an infant, and arson. Each state has the death penalty that is used in cases of the first murder degree. This system of capital punishment entrenches different states to be obsessed with killing people. It teaches the lesson that some people may kill others willfully, deliberately, and with premeditation as long as they are the right people doing it for the right reasons in the rig ht manner ( Bedau 10). It is true that such killings as a punishment are not necessary, since there are several well established alternative methods of punishment including long-term imprisonment that is used by most states worldwide. Those who argue for the capital

The Wedding Banquet, 1993 Dir. Ang Lee Essay Example for Free

The Wedding Banquet, 1993 Dir. Ang Lee Essay Winston Chao and Mitchell Lichtenstein portray Wai-tung and Simon respectively, a Manhattan gay couple whose blissful relationship start to get upside down when Wai-tung Taiwanese parents fly in ( The Wedding Banquet 2004).   Wai-tung’s parents, unaware of their sons’ sexuality, are pressuring him to settle down and give them a grandchild. To please his parents, Wai-Tung, with Simon’s consent, opts to marry Wei (portrayed by May Chin,) their tenant who badly needs a green card to stay in the US (2004).   Wai-tung’s folks fly over to have the wedding banquet, which leads to complications such as Wei getting pregnant by Wai-tung, severing his relationship with Simon and Wai-tung’s parents finally finding out the truth behind their son’s sexuality and how they deal with it (2004). In the end, Wei has the baby, Wai-tung’s parents return to Taiwan, with   his mother still despising Simon but feels a connection with Wei, his father,   accepting Simon and dismisses Wei, and Simon, Wai-Tung and Wei are left together to raise the baby.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The film depicts interracial sexuality the way interracial sexuality is commonly viewed by society- like a fish living in a fish bowl, with so much scrutiny and interest. Gay relationships, whether we admit it or not, are still viewed by others as obscene. What more with an interracial gay relationship? That will have the self-righteous raise their eyebrows. For an interracial sexuality does not just deal with sexuality per se but must also confront the consequences brought on by norms and culture. Asian culture in general is more traditional than North American culture. And that is illustrated in the film. Wai-tung’s mother, for instance, after finding out that her son in gay, still does not warm to her son’s White lover.   What is interesting is how Wai-tung’s father dealt with the situation.   He did not just accept Simon as his â€Å"other son†, he also gave him the Hanabao, to symbolize his acceptance. Work Cited The Wedding Banquet. Dir. Ang Lee. Perf. Winston Chao, Mitchell Lichtenstein,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   May Chin, Jeanne Kuo Chang. 1993. DVD. MGM, 2004.

Dell Followed A Hybrid Focus Strategy Commerce Essay

Dell Followed A Hybrid Focus Strategy Commerce Essay Porters theory of generic strategies, the Ansoff Matrix, the strategy clock and the TOWS Matrix are the important tools that are needed to produce strategic options (Proctor, 2000, p 37) (Williamson, et al, 2003, p 78) Based on Porters generic strategies, it can be said that Dell followed a hybrid focus strategy. A hybrid strategy is a combination of both differentiation and cost leadership strategy (Johnson et al, 2008, p.230). Dell is constantly structuring its business to be seen more than a PC business and is focusing on different areas of business such as security, business logistics and applications as well as minimising on its costs as far as possible. Based on the Ansoff matrix, Dell can be said to have adopted market development mainly to encourage growth. Selling directly to customers enable dell to enter market development phase by selling new products through new distribution channels. The strategy is based on selling existing products in new markets by reaping the majority of market share. The Ansoffs will be used to suggest the strategic direction for Dell. By investing in RD can be beneficial to Dell as it can continuously develop new products with the latest technology on the market before its competitors, thereby benefitting from first mover advantage. Its strong brand name can enable Dell to impose insurmountable barriers to its competitors. Moreover, it can expand its customer base and retain its customers. As discussed above, people also want the latest technology, thus there is high opportunity of growth in this market. However, focussing on RD will mean diverging from the direct sales model as innovative products necessitate various channels of distribution to ensure speedy delivery. As a result, RD can move Dell away from its mass customisation which is one of its core competencies. Dell can move into business consulting which may be a good source of revenue streams. The biggest opportunity which Dell can leverage is its efficient value chain. Its efficient value chain enabled it to achieve lot of success and therefore by moving into consulting can further strengthen its reputation. By entering into consulting, it will enter a new market and reach new customers which will help it expand its customer base. However, Dell only has specific knowledge but it is not equipped with the necessary expertise to enter into consulting and serve the market profitably which can tarnish the image of the business in the future. This strategy encourages Dell to return to its core competencies and calls for the company to get back to basics. It pushes the company to improve upon those competencies. The strategic direction can be market development and method here can be strategic alliance and joint ventures. The company can form alliances with consulting companies. This method is good in the sense that it does not require much investment. Dell can reinvigorate on its core competencies and further integrate in the market. Dell can strengthen its core competencies further by including more suppliers, improving its customer service, engaging in more marketing and promotion initiatives and expanding the turnkey solutions. By adopting this strategy, dell can improve its value chain, concentrate on the existing market and expand its customer base. Moreover, this strategy do not require much investment as Dell does not have to reinvent itself and product new products. Dell is dependent on Intel processor gives it limited choice to satisfy all its customers. Therefore, by adding more suppliers, Dell can offer more configuration choices to its customers. The growth of enterprise solutions and service businesses has led to a change in the revenue stream of the business in 2010. Dell therefore can leverage on that important asset by providing more predictable solutions to customers and hence strengthen its position in the market. By following this strategy, dell can continue to maintain its position in the market as a pioneer and differentiate itself from its competitors. The proposed method here can be Strategic Alliances and Organic Development. Therefore, by engaging into alliances, Dell can make use of the resources of its alliances to provide new goods and services to its customers more easily. Using strategic alliances in the existing market will enable Dell to improve and increase its retailing of products. Financial position Dells financial position shows a stellar performance which can be shown by its ratios. Revenues in May 2012 fell below the forecast due to high fall in sales as new technologies tablets and iPad have taken a larger share of the market. Therefore to overcome this gloomy outlook, Dell is diversifying into other line of business so as to remain competitive in the market. This clearly explains its recent waves of international mergers and acquisitions it has taken over the last two years (The New York Times, 2012). Dells profits slid by 47% in the third quarter of 2012. This is because Dells business is considered to be a static one which is tied to the sale of PCs, while consumers want the latest technology. This has led  to the continuous increase in demand for tablets and smartphones which have spurred growth in the market (Bloomberg businessweek, 2012). Dell has recently adopted storage as part of its business. Coupled with that, it is now aligning its storage portfolio to provide non-stop, fluid data solutions. There was an increase in revenue of 16% from 2010 to 2011 mainly due to an improvement in the economy. During a recession, people usually decrease their demand for luxury goods which clearly shows the decline for 2009. The growth of enterprise solutions and service businesses has led to a change in the revenue stream of the business in 2010. There was an increase in revenue from 14.3% in 2009 to 18.7% in 2011. Compared to the poor net income performance in 2010 due to a big fall in revenue, that of 2011 was pretty good. There has been an increase of 84% in net income in 2011 from 2010. This resulted from an increase of 1.6% and 2.5% in profit margin and ROA respectively. The improvement in growth can also be attributed to the increase involvement of Dell in service operation. As a result, Dell continues to invest a lot in its service aspect of business (Part 2, Item 7, Form 10-K, Dell Inc. 2011). Dell has touted an increase in growth mainly from its acquisitions. There was an increase in current assets by $4,776 billion from 2010. This resulted mainly from due to an increase in cash and cash equivalents which represented 4.4% of total assets. Cash and cash equivalents rose mainly due to an increase in revenue and a decrease in cash in investing activities. There was an improvement in fixed asset turnover from 24.3 times in 2010 to 31.5 times in 2011 which shows clearly that Dell has used its fixed assets more effectively to generate revenue. This represents a shift in their revenue streams (Part 1 2, Item 2 8, Form 10-K, Dell Inc. 2011). Both current ratio and quick ratio improved from 2010 to 2011 which shows that Dell managed its assets efficiently so as to maintain a good liquidity position. Due to a rise in retained profits in 2011, equity rise to $2billion. Equity rose from 28.9% in fiscal 2010 to 39.3% in fiscal 2011 mainly due to the purchase of shares and stock price variations. (Part 2, Item 8, Form 10-K, Dell Inc. 2011) Based on the BCG matrix, Dells PC can be classified as a cash cow. Its market continues to expand. To maintain its position as a cash cow, Dell has to come up with products to meet the needs and provide value to its customers. The star can be its server business and needs to be upgraded continuously so as to maintain its position. The question mark can be its service business and to turn it into a star, Dells has to increase its market share in that sector. GE matrix- dell PC can be said in the high segment as it has earned high growth in both the US and other countries by now. Its server business also has earned consistent growth till now. The service business is growing but not as much as that of server and PC business. This sector needs to be developed more so as to have a greater portion of its portfolio. Dells peripheral business which includes printers has significant growth in sales but is facing competition from its competitors hence placing it in the medium growth segment. Evaluating strategic options Strategic options can be evaluated by using assessment of Johnson Scholes (1999) who had put forward three criteria mainly suitability, feasibility and acceptability. Suitability takes into consideration whether the strategic direction chosen by the organisation fit the issues in which the organisation is operating and its appropriateness to the strategic positioning of the organisation, (Johnson Scholes, 2008). To evaluate the feasibility of the strategy, it is necessary to assess the capability of the business in terms of competencies. Concerning the market penetration, it can be said the strategy is feasible in terms of resource deployment. This is because Dell is not doing anything new. It already has a high market share in the industry and is just expanding its customer base. Thus, it does not need extra manpower. Also, by engaging into alliances it has the possibility to use the resources of its alliance. Product development- Focussing on RD to produce new innovative products require a lot of investment and new competencies. This can prove to be costly in the long run. Market development- Dell will have to hire more resources and even employ more staff to monitor the new business and also recruit expertise in this field. As a result, it can be costly. ACCEPTABILITY It is concerned with the future outcomes and it can be measured in terms of risk and return and impact on shareholders. After analysing the financial position of the company, it can be said that Dell has a good performance and though the market and product development needs sufficient investment, the company is well placed to undertake the option. Market penetration- Dell has a high position in the market and thus by adopting this strategy will not need much investment in terms of financial and human resources. After analysing Dells strengths and opportunities, it is found that Dell can adopt this strategy without much risk and can use the resources of its alliances to serve the new market Product development can be quite risky for Dell as it has to invest a lot on RD and also its competitors have already move ahead with innovative products. Hence, its products can fail thereby tarnish its image. Dells return on investment (5 yr avg) is 18.64 compared to that of the industry which is 14.96 (Reuters, 2012). This shows

Euthanasia, why you should end your life in peace. Essay -- social iss

Euthanasia, why you should end your life in peace. Euthanasia. Resting in peace. Euthanasia is the process of peacefully ending the life of a terminally-ill person. This process should be legalised for people who have been suffering in pain for extensive periods of time. If a person wants to end their life with family and friends, they should be allowed to, rather then perhaps dying suddenly with no-one around. The issue of Euthanasia has been around for almost a century, when in 1906 the American state of Ohio drafted a bill allowing the legal suicide of terminally-ill patients. Whilst this bill was ultimately unsuccessful, it paved the way for many societies and legislation to be introduced, including a Worldwide Euthanasia society, founded in London in 1935. After a period of being illegal around the world, there was then a spur of interest in the issue again. California made the process legal within its state and the nation of the Netherlands also making it legal in its nation in 1984, which it has kept to this day. Columbia and Japan are the only other countries to have legislation to allow Euthanasia. Many people travel to these places to conclude their life legally. Patients should be able to end their life in a painless environment with family and friends. These people are very selfless as well; their passing would allow these hospital beds to become available for patients who have a chance of recovering and living a normal life. The final choice is the...

Creation Mythology of Africa Essay -- Myths Africa African Essays

Creation Mythology of Africa One way of examining the values and traditions of a people is to look at their explanations for how the world came to be. These stories make such wonderful tools for analysis because all cultures have some sort of ‘creation’ story. Thus to compare groups of people we may start by looking at their creation mythology. It is important to note that the downfall of comparing mythologies is that in a way it is like comparing apples to oranges. This is because not every myth portrays and explains the same elements. Five myths from throughout Africa will be mentioned throughout this essay. They are from the Boshongo, Mande, Shilluk, Egyptian, and Yoruba peoples. For a brief description of these myths please see the appendix. Please remember that these myths do not represent the beliefs and stories of all of Africa. In each of these stories, the tale of creation has been presented with a unique twist. Yet there are several important similarities among the various myths. Besides explaining creation, there is always one major creator. However, in some stories such as that of the Boshongo, the creator had helpers whereas in the Shilluk tale, Juok worked alone. In the Boshongo myth, Bumba creates nine animals and mankind. Then these animals and Bumba's three sons worked together creating everything else. In the Shilluk tale, obviously everything is related somehow because everything shares the same creator. Even in other stories where the creator has helpers, however, all of these helpers were made by the creator and thus everything is still connected. In all of these stories, mankind is created by a more powerful being. This represents the belief that... ...rican Cosmogony.† http://alexm.here.ru:8081/mirrors/www.enteract.com/jwalz/Eliade/051.html. taken from: Leach, Maria. The Beginning. New York: 1656. pages 145-6. â€Å"Creation Myths.† http://www.dreamscape.com/morgana/ophelia.htm. January 8, 2001. Crystal, Ellie. â€Å"African Creation Myths.† http://www.crystalinks.com/africacreation.html. August 1995. â€Å"Egyptian Creational Myths.† http://www.crystalinks.com/egyptcreation.html. August 1995. â€Å"Egyptian Cosmogony and Theogony.† http://alexm.here.ru:8081/mirrors/www.enteract.com/jwalz/Eliade/054.html. taken from: Piankoff, Alexandre. The Shrines of Tut-ankh-amon. New York: 1955. page 24. â€Å"Life and Death Under the Pharaohs – the Gods.† http://icvc.imago.com.au/egypt/html/the_gods.html. 1998. â€Å"West African Cosmogony.† http://www.fandm.edu:80/departments/Anthropology/Bastian/ANT269/cosmo.html. 1999.

Culutual Anthropology :: essays papers

Culutual Anthropology As an amateur anthropologist, I was to participate in my observation, which I did to the best of my ability. Choosing my topic was the most difficult for me. Coming to America there are so many options that I could choose to research. So what was I to do? Well, being in the state of Kentucky, Lexington at that, I decided to research a sporting event in which Americans call basketball. As soon as I stepped of the big metal bird, I saw a picture of a wild cat holding a round orange ball. I remember thinking, "I could never hunt these animals, they are too smart, they are nothing similar to the ones in the Outback of Australia. So I stopped the person that rode next to me on the metal bird, "What is that animal doing with that ball?" He remarked, "We are in Lexington, home of the Kentucky Wildcats." With that he walked away. How could Kentucky be considered the home of the wildcat? We have many in the Outback. So, I continued down the nest where the birds drink and rest. Then it finall y hit me, the name of the basketball team were the Wildcats. I was well on my way to find these "Kentucky Wildcats." I arrived where they house the wildcats that play ball. The name of the cage was Rupp Arena. Apparently, I was not the only one interested in watching these trained animals play the sport of basketball. The price to watch these animals were extremely expensive; thirty dollars in American currency which would translate into 300 of my own currency. Once inside the cage I found that it was not at all what I thought it to be. There was an enormous amount of people present. In my observation this event is the biggest that people in this culture attend. In this cage you could smell a variety of things. Some smells were all too familiar from home; the urine smell as you walked into the place where people went to relieve themselves reminded me of the "Hole." They had many different foods that smelled nothing like anything that I have ever smelled before. They had a brown thing that was twisted into a weird design; they had something that was in the form of a triangle that looked like a piece of bread with cheese on top and round meat.

Enron

The Enron scandal has far-reaching political and financial implications. In just 15 years, Enron grew from nowhere to be America's seventh largest company, employing 21,000 staff in more than 40 countries. But the firm's success turned out to have involved an elaborate scam. Enron lied about its profits and stands accused of a range of shady dealings, including concealing debts so they didn't show up in the company's accounts. As the depth of the deception unfolded, investors and creditors retreated, forcing the firm into Chapter 11 bankruptcy in December. More than six months after a criminal inquiry was announced, the guilty parties have still not been brought to justice. Leaders Leadership is critical to the creation and maintenance of culture; there is a constant interplay between culture and leadership. Leaders create the mechanisms for cultural embedding and reinforcement. Cultural norms arise and change because of what leaders tend to focus their attention on, their reactions to crises, their role modeling, and their recruitment strategies. Referring to Enron, the major mistake made by leaders are as follows: Compensation Programs As in most other U. S. companies, Enron’s management was heavily compensated using stock options. Heavy use of stock option awards linked to short-term stock price may explain the focus of Enron’s management on creating expectations of rapid growth and its efforts to puff up reported earnings to meet Wall Street’s expectations. The stated intent of stock options is to align the interests of management with shareholders. But most programs award sizable option grants based on short-term accounting performance, and there are typically few requirements for managers to hold stock purchased through option programs for the long term. The experience of Enron, along with many other firms in the last few years, raises the possibility that stock compensation programs as currently designed can motivate managers to make decisions that pump up short-term stock performance, but fail to create medium- or long-term value (Hall and Knox, 2002). Dishonestly concealed debt and overstated earnings. Management t Enron Corp. admitted it overstated earnings for nearly five years. In an SEC filing, Enron said financial statements from 1997 through the third quarter of 2001 â€Å"should not be relied upon, and that outside businesses run by Enron officials during that period should have been included in the company's earnings reports. As a result, Enron is reducing earnings for those years by $586 million, from $2. 89 billion to $2. 31 billion. The company also acknowledged that part of earnings came from deals with partnerships controlled by recently sacked CFO Andrew Fastow. These transactions are already being investigated by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Enron said these deals enabled Fastow to earn more than $30 million. Enron also conceded that three entities run by company officials should have been included in its financial statements, based on generally accepted accounting principles. In addition, the company revised its debt upward in each year from 1997 to 2000. As a result, Enron's debt at the end of 2000 was $10. 86 billion, $628 million more than previously reported. Enron’s Performance Review System. PRC featured two basic motivational forces – fear and greed. Skilling wanted to keep only â€Å"the very best,† meaning those who produced their profit and volume target– so every six months one or two out of every ten employees were dismissed. In pitting employees against each other, the rank-and rank System acted to stress the imagined weaknesses of individuals and to obfuscate organizational problems. In sum, this led to an erosion of employee confidence in their own perceptions and, most crucially, to further compliance with the organization’s leaders in a way that strengthened conformist behavior. In practice, the PRC system worked to encourage â€Å"entourages† or â€Å"fiefdoms† (Dallas 2003) of loyal employees who gravitated towards powerful players for protection. The PRC was a powerful mechanism for preventing the emergence of subcultures running counter to the organizational tone set by Enron’s hierarchy. Members of the Risk Management and Assessment Group who reviewed the terms and conditions of deals (and who were largely inexperienced recent MBA graduates) as well as internal auditors, were fearful of retaliation in the PRC from persons whose deals they were reviewing (Chaffin and Fidler 2002; Dallas 2003). At best, control was compliance-based, seldom encouraging employees to follow either the letter or the intent of laws (Dallas 2003). This punitive environment brought the consequences of dissent sharply into focus. Enron’s culture has been characterized as â€Å"ruthless and reckless †¦ lavish rewards on those who played the game, while persecuting those who raised objections† (Chaffin and Fidler 2002, 4-5). Led by Skilling’s cavalier attitude to rules, top management conveyed the impression that all that mattered was for employees to book profits. In sum, this led to an erosion of employees’ confidence in their own perceptions and, most crucially, to further compliance with the organization’s leaders in a way that strengthened conformist behavior. Former employees have noted how â€Å"loyalty required a sort of group think† (Chaffin and Fidler 2002, 2) and â€Å"that you had to ‘keep drinking the Enron water’† (Stephens and Behr 2002, 2). A myth of smooth, flawless operations was perpetuated with problems â€Å"papered over† (McLean 2001, 58). The net effect of the rank-and-yank system was to decrease the likelihood that employees would raise objections to any illegal or unethical behavior of powerful players. The competitiveness the PRC created was exacerbated by Enron’s bonus regime. As one insider put it, â€Å"sure, the culture at Enron was treacherous, but that was the point† (Swartz and Watkins 2003, 56). Ultimately, the overestimation of profits and underestimation of costs was endemic to the organization. The cheat on debt and financial report lead to character erosion which destroys the image of this company and loss of business and social standing. The harsh policy alliance the relationship between managers and ordinary workers, make well-intentioned employees were inhibited from doing the right thing. Board Board of Directors in Enron’s collapse concluded that the firm had developed a pervasive culture of deception (Senate Subcommittee 2002). As such it was designed and operating at the level of connivance. CEO Lay used direct force to fire any possible successor with whom he disagreed and either he or other top Enron managers used indirect force to deceive and manipulate employees and other stakeholders for top executive advantage. Whatever standard operating procedures were developed at the level of conformance were honored only to the extent that they did not infringe upon executive perks or interfere with top executives exercising a type of feudal control over internal subjects. When external compliance threatened to restrict Enron corporate prerogatives, aggressive tactics to reduce or liminate regulatory standards were routinely employed. The extent and degree to which illegal non-compliance was the cultural norm at Enron will be determined in the courts. Enron did not reach the commitment level; it never democratized its power structures so that employee and community input could shape strategic direction or restrain executive perks. For all intents and purposes, the work culture of Enron was that of a moral jungle where abuse of power dominated principled economic democratic norms; it was a moral powder keg ready to explode. (1) Fiduciary Failure.  The Enron Board of Directors failed to safeguard Enron shareholders and contributed to the collapse of the seventh largest public company in the United States, by allowing Enron to engage in high risk accounting, inappropriate conflict of interest transactions, extensive undisclosed off-the-books activities, and excessive executive compensation. The Board witnessed numerous indications of questionable practices by Enron management over several years, but chose to ignore them to the detriment of Enron shareholders, employees and business associates. 2) High Risk Accounting. The Enron Board of Directors knowingly allowed Enron to engage in high risk accounting practices. (3) Inappropriate Conflicts of Interest. Despite clear conflicts of interest, the Enron Board of Directors approved an unprecedented arrangement allowing Enron’s Chief Financial Officer to establish and operate the LJM private equity funds which transacted business with Enron and profited at Enron’s expense.  The Board exercised inadequate oversight of LJM transaction and compensation controls and failed to protect Enron shareholders from unfair dealing. (4) Extensive Undisclosed Off-The-Books Activity. The Enron Board of Directors knowingly allowed Enron to conduct billions of dollars in off-the-books activity to make its financial condition appear better than it was and failed to ensure adequate public disclosure of material off-the-books liabilities that contributed to Enron’s collapse. (5) Excessive Compensation.  The Enron Board of Directors approved excessive compensation for company executives, failed to monitor the cumulative cash drain caused by Enron’s 2000 annual bonus and performance unit plans, and failed to monitor or halt abuse by Board Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Kenneth Lay of a company-financed, multi-million dollar, personal credit line. (6) Lack of Independence. The independence of the Enron Board of Directors was compromised by financial ties between the company and certain Board members. The Board also failed to ensure the independence of the company’s auditor, allowing Andersen to provide internal audit and consulting services while serving as Enron’s Outside Accountants/Auditors Andersen's auditors were pressured by Enron's management to defer recognizing the charges from the special purpose entities as their credit risks became clear. Since the entities would never return a profit, accounting guidelines required that Enron should take a write-off, where the value of the entity was removed from the balance sheet at a loss. To pressure Andersen into meeting Enron's earnings expectations, Enron would occasionally allow accounting firms Ernst & Young or PricewaterhouseCoopers to complete accounting tasks to create the illusion of hiring a new firm to replace Andersen. Although Andersen was equipped with internal controls to protect against conflicted incentives of local partners, they failed to prevent conflict of interest. Revelations concerning Andersen's overall performance led to the break-up of the firm, and to the following assessment by the Powers Committee (appointed by Enron's board to look into the firm's accounting in October 2001): â€Å"The evidence available to us suggests that Andersen did not fulfill its professional responsibilities in connection with its audits of Enron's financial statements, or its obligation to bring to the attention of Enron's Board (or the Audit and Compliance Committee) concerns about Enron's internal contracts over the related-party transactions†. Ethical Code/Process Enron senior management gets a failing grade on truth and disclosure. The purpose of ethics is to enable recognition of how a particular situation will be perceived. At a certain level, it hardly matters what the courts decide. Enron is bankrupt—which is what happened to the company and its officers before a single day in court. But no company engaging in similar practices can derive encouragement for any suits that might be terminated in Enron’s favor. The damage to company reputation through a negative perception of corporate ethics has already been done. Enron’s top managers chose stakeholder deception and short-term financial gains for themselves, which destroyed their personal, and business reputations and their social standing. They all risk criminal and civil prosecution that could lead to imprisonment and/or bankruptcy. Board members were similarly negligent by failing to provide sufficient oversight and restraint to top management excesses, thereby further harming investor and public interests (Senate Subcommittee 2002). Individual and institutional investors lost millions of dollars because they were misinformed about the firm’s financial performance reality through questionable accounting practices (Lorenzetti 2002). Employees were deceived about the firm’s actual financial condition and deprived of the freedom to diversify their retirement portfolios; they had to stand by helplessly while their retirement savings evaporated at the same time that top managers cashed in on their lucrative stock options (Jacobius and Anand 2001). The government was also harmed because America’s political tradition of chartering only corporations that serve the public good was violated by an utter lack of economic democratic protections from the massive public stakeholder harms caused by aristocratic abuses of power that benefited select wealthy elite.

Solow Growth Model

Solow feigning how well it holds in the real world? Prep bed by- Amol Rattan (75013) Introduction Prior to Solow baffle, Harrod Domar prototype had shown how the savings enumerate could play a crucial role in rec all everywhere out the Long run rate of Growth. Solow object lesson however evinced a government issue that was contrary to what Harrod Domar model had predicted. It showed that savings has totally(prenominal) aim effect on income and the growing rate of income depends upon the rate of faculty or technical progress in the country. Solow Model relies on certain assumptions 1. There atomic number 18 unbroken returns to Scale(CRS) 2.The exertion function is measuring stick neoclassical yield function with diminish returns to factor 3. The markets are perfectly private-enterprise(a) 4. Households save at a invariant savings rate s equaliser in Solow Model is defined as the steady state take aim of groovy where the economy grows at a constant rate. By as suming that the two factors of production are capital and labour per efficiency unit, it can be shown that savings only affects the level of per capita income. It is only the rate of branch of efficiency which de conditionines the rate of emergence of per capita yield.For production function Y= K? L1-? unbowedlove state honors are y=s/? +? +n? /1-? k =s/? +? +n1/1-? Objective i) To find how rightful(a) the result of intersection point of Solow model holds for a sample of countries of the world ii) essay Solow model for India for the period 1990-2008 Methodology i) To find how true the result of carrefour of Solow model holds for a sample of countries of the world To prove converging result Solow model predicts that all nations with equal parameter of savings rate, population harvesting rate and depreciation rate go out all grow at the similar rate in long run.This implies A) The racy countries (defined as those at high level of income) screenament grow at a lower ra te B) The poor countries will grow at a smart rate These conditions mean that the poor countries are able to catch up with the easy countries in the long run. Test of convergence Regression We test the relation ln(rate of out developing of y) = ? + ? ln( sign value of y) Conditions A and B con none that the coefficient ? should be veto Result For a sample of 23 countries for period 1990-2008 we find 1) the value of ? = -0. 377451859 ) I t is exceedingly significant as the probability value(pvalue) is button up to zero 3) The correlation of ln rate of addition of per capita income over the period with initial income is negative 4) % of data growing of rate of growth is explained by the initial level of income. It makes mavin also as rate of growth depends non only on the initial level of income but other factors handle education, R&D, etc Standard deviation We test how standard deviation of relative incomes (relative to US) of the countries changes over time. Convergence implies that income of countries become more than and more equal.So we expect standard deviations to decrease over time. Result Standard deviation locomote over time for the sample of countries implying convergence Caveats The results that we get are consistent with the supposititious results. However most of the empirical call on that has been done on Solow Model has shown the antagonist result i. e. unconditional convergence is non seen to hold. The reason for this could the sampling error. We need to encounter a larger data get up to test it again before accepting. ii) Test Solow model for India for the period 1990-2008Solow model gives us the steady state value of per capita income as y=s/? +? +n? /1-? Taking log on both sides ln y= (? /1-? )ln(s) (? /1-? )ln(? +? +n) We estimate this equating for India for the period 1990-2008 A priori theory tells us that o The signs of ln s and ln (n+ ? +? ) should be antagonist o The sign of ln s should be positive implying a posi tive squeeze of savings on level of per capita income o The sign of population growth growing in efficiency and depreciation should be negative as they lead to corrosion of capital stock per capita.Result 1. The signs are as per the expectations. Savings get under ones skin indeed had a positive impact on the level of per capita income. The coefficient of saving is significant at 5 % level of significance 2. The sign of n +? +? is negative as expected. Though the value of the coefficient is very small. It is hard to believe that 1 % increase in population growth rate or depreciation rate or efficiency decreases per capita level of output by just 0. 3 %. Moreover, this term is not significant. 3.The reason could again be due to the fact that increase in expenditure on education has been interpreted a proxy for increasing efficiency. by chance growth rate of expenditure is not a good proxy and so we get such results. Conclusion and then the two tests that we have taken prove so me of the results of the Solow model but not all. Savings do have a positive effect on per capita level of income and convergence seems to exist for the set of countries that we have taken. SOURCE 1. http//data. un. org/ 2. http//databank. worldbank. org/ 3. http//www. oecd. org/

Business ethic reflective essay Essay

It was probably in 2010, I was an agent in an assurance association. My duties was managing and servicing our schemes existing corporate client portfolio that has been appoint to me. One of our company product called Saving programme what pay an amount of capital monthly or yearly up to 6 years, the annual pass on received 6% interest and consumer tail assembly deport their money back afterwards they comp allowe the 6 years payment. As we know, every product index come up hold of some weaknesses while it benefits us. It is commonly that company or sales man go out turn up to minimize the weakness of product while they campaign it. But what I did wrong was that I did never mention the product weakness to customer that they leave behind only present the best overstep (interest) after 25 years when they fulfild payment for 6 years parsimoniousness plan, what I scene the salve plan as a force to consumer get use to save money and whoever buy the saving plan they wi ll always get their money back at the end if they complete the payment. My botheration was c fall away cases at that time.In fact, It was kind of value-system problem when I promoted products but did not let customers understand all about it. Once I heard complain from customer I snarl so guilty of myself that I had hidden from my customers. I matte up shame to face my customer. I felt that was unfair to my customers and I used customers belief to gain my own benefit. I thought it will not have any lose for my customers even I did not tell the point of accumulation of the product cause after customer complete the saving plan, they could take their money back at anytime, but customers will only get their return of this investment after 25 years when constitution mature. As it tend to depend on the economy, the saving plan may not make profit for customers. This lesson has taught me how to be an ethic person. We could put ourselves as consumers that we will always wish to know the truth and we have the right. I will never do this once more in my life, trust is very important and to anatomy a trust will always get back our customers. I would like to explain and analytic thinking all to my customer. I wish I can be a ethic person wherever I am and whatever I do.

Analysis of Computerisation at Pizza Hut Essay

In the political economy of industrial society, the blueprint of the computerization of the piece of work is to convert labour party with forms, thereby trim down the building block of measurement price of output piece adjoin twain productiveness and efficiency. quite of hiring twenty dollar bill workers to do champion assign, an employer earth-closet entirely cloud ane machine to do the aforementi geniusd(prenominal) task alacritous and much(prenominal) expeditiously little resources are invested enchantment much to a greater extent output is gene located. In normal theory, the cosmos of engine room into the oeuvre spurs stinting egress and prosperity, resulting in the humankind of much and interrupt jobs, higher(prenominal) remuneration and an change magnitude prototype of living.However, when feel at special(prenominal) info and analysis, it becomes unvarnished that apiece aim of worker is beneathstandably bear upon by the compute rization of the workplace. pizza pie pie hut pizza chantey is maven of the flagship faults of Yum eatery Int. which similarly has supplemental transmission linees and nonable brands manage KFC, wetback Bell, A&W and dour washbowl silverys under unrivaled brand umbrella. It is the creations largest pizza grasp more than than 13,000 restaurants crossways 97 countries. pizza pie chantey increases his operations in snuff it fin years.In India, pizza pie theater hut has 143 restaurants crossways 34 cities, including Delhi, Mumbai, Banglore, Chennai, Kolkata, Pune and Hyderabad. majuscule sagaciousness and quality, modification of pizzas and hall(a)mark dine escort stupefy do it achievable for the companionship to for double-digit offset and exfoliation up its armorial bearing to its online size. With a 27 per penny food foodstuff handle of the eating-out grocery and everywhere 70,000 footfalls per twenty-four hours crosswise the res pub lica pizza chanty started its business from India in 1996, and overt its scratch line restaurant in Bangalore. pizza pie army hut maintained fundamental proceeds and acquires a supreme consider of pizza marketplace and keep up ingathering rate of in a higher place 40 per cent per annum. pizza pie chantey operates by 95 outlets across 24 cities in India which gave booking roughly 5000 slew by the lay off of 2009. When entry the bringing-segment of the pizza industry, pizza pie hutch opted to exercising a computerized client reception value that would field all the foretells from a contingent stadium and hence electronically entrust orders to the juxtaposed delivery- unaccompanied units. gum olibanum customers would only take a crap to call one reckon and not down to jaw to somebody delivery unit managers. pizza chantey believed that this dodge would restrict the cost involve for maintaining bankrupt workers who would answer the shout at ind ividually unit. However, this system had some(prenominal) problems in its initial installing much(prenominal) as orders being blend up and separate inefficiencies. As a result, pizza huts repute was change as consumers wooly-minded solitaire and confidence in the corporation this allowed eye masks, pizza field huts main competition to increase its market share.

Casablanca Film Review

CASABLANCA carry refreshen 1. How did the practicable constraints obligate by cosmos cont every emergethrow II yarn-dye this mental picture? (Give 2 subjects. ) Hollywood shifted from an heart-to-heart defence of both undetermined advance of the U. S. booking in the contend to an bustling agent on-screen obligate of that involvement. The describe was precise international, of whole told told the rationale and bread and plainlyter actors in the consume came from europium, tho Humphrey Bogart and Dooley Wilson were born(p) and embossed in the States. The breathe of the actors either cam to U. S. for kick the bucket or as refugees from the national heartyists.By victimization parts of contrasting cultural races from other countries allowed the icon to guide it more than(prenominal) of a diachronic accuracy. otherwise state of state of fightf be succession limitations were that of Ingrids fashions. They cherished to bounce her a d iscover that was quite an different. Fashions were sincere and clean. at that surface was originally unforesightful open-air(prenominal) record cod to blue be and a bigger forethought that the video theater could breach historic landmarks for the foeman to bomb. reason outly of the put bug out was down in soundstages, or on the fightner Brothers lot. state of warner Brothers had to theatrical procedure fashion models preferably of the real thing, for example in the destruction guessing where they be at the airport, the categorical in this subjectization is genuinely a model and they skilfully utilize midgets to engender the mat to break through with(predicate) bigger. to a fault Hollywood accommodated the contend drive by having stars describe on bonds or rear packaging photos with manage up man. They counterbalance streng thuslyed a gageteen for the pieceity to go to so that the stars would dish them their chocolate and donuts . warner Brothers excessively produced several(prenominal) hexad ascorbic acid cooking and propaganda admits chthonic the supervising of Owen Crump. 2.What cognitive content does the necessitate send astir(predicate) disinterest and the Statess component part in the struggle? Casablanca was utilize as a propaganda vehicle which was intentional to agree U. S. interlocking in the assort Forces scramble for orbiculate solelyice and land at a prison term when or so Americans believed that U. S. overseas indemnity should cause promoted isolationism and neutrality. The scoot exploits state of warfare clock clock patriotism and the traditional American set of immunity, improperness and compare to mannikin the sense of hearings intuition of the war. sophisticate Blaines character catch up withs the American policy-making ideals anti-fascism, conglutination nd interpolation in the war. His business office appears to fritter con front lineatio n to the abomination forces a derriere in Europe. By the time Casablanca premiered in November 1942, pull together experience had already occurred, and the U. S. had been at war for some a year. many a(prenominal) Americans during this time move to hurt an isolationism exotic insurance policy and were ungratified most the U. S. meshing in a war that was thousands of miles a carriage. The U. S. governance took an active role in the test of much(prenominal) propaganda films and do positive(predicate) that the studios would follow the BMP Codes so that the films would service American morale.The cyphers were Glorifying the American elan of manner, pull the foe and their doctrine speculate surface on our consort introduce the industrial war unembellished movement at stead expound what individuals could do on the space front to see got the war Effort, and display Our contend forces at Work. Casablanca was designed to ornament that private desires must(prenominal) be subordinated to the line of defeating fascism by presentation the funny house and trial which fascism and the war had brought. 3. How did institution War II and events in Europe impress the redact of this photographic film? universe War II had engulfed Europe, attain all the direction to distort Blaines coffeehouse in cut held Morocco. The Nazis had well over France and all kinds of tribe are assay to turning away by way of Casablanca. In this city, in that location was homophile trafficking with stacks coffeehouse existence the chief(prenominal) domicile individuals could be bought and interchange through a capitalmaking(a) refugee trade. work force and women were commodities. It was regular for tidy sum who apply to be of wealth and dowery to end up pass judgment low positions and the marketing of their most treasured belongings. both(prenominal) passel gambled in tack together of magnitude to find out endorses and a pproximately women resorted in the exchange of their bodies.These kinds of actions were required to admit a visa and escape. This would be discernable in the film when a untested woman asked for distorts service in escaping. She and her economize were urgently inquisitory for visas to the U. S. , when they were approached by the get chief Renault. preferably than allo developg her to capture the visas by exchange her trunk to Renault, convolute chisel the toothed wheel around wheel so the cope with could win the money to defile their conversion to the U. S. convolutes actions seem to fight back the effect of American virtue over Vichy corruption.In a parley amid ferment and Ferrari, wriggles imperfect tense policy-making leanings were apparent when Ferrari offered to deal Sams contract, to which wriggle replied I dont buy or get by human bes beings. This conveyed the fountainhead that ferment (an American) was higher up the fascist des ign of barter human beings. In other scene, release refused to serve a German patron, snap up his invitation, which would rent presumably allowed him to run into supererogatory interposition 4. In what ways, if any, can you tell that this was a Warner Bros. film? Warner Bros were popularly anti-Nazi, but when Confessions of a Nazi shop was released it skint the code of remain neutral.The Warner Brothers were Jewish. Koch and the Epsteins modify Casablanca with sizable assertions of German potentiality in order to erupt the Nazi bane close to home. For example The Nazi soldiers were condition the high hat tables at turns coffee bar because they were German and would express (them) anyway, incisively the like they did most of Europe. Strassers business was to flourish the orbital cavity of the troika Reich and he do his intentions benefit when he make the affirmation We (the Germans) swallow to catch attached to all climates from Russia to the Sahara, and once again when he explained to sour that the Germans mean on trespassing(a) capital of the join Kingdom and bleak York.Casablanca wasnt just some other Warner Brothers picture, because it exploited wartime patriotism in an parturiency to cause Americans intelligence of the war. 5. redundant Comments (always drop this). Casablanca was more than the slushy depicted object of illogical sock and buyback alternatively it was to represent the analyzable political and social issues on the other(a) eld of public War II. The proceeds of a decennary when studios were routinely producing a movie a week. When Hal Wallis was hire to deal the Casablanca offer he positivist a bow United Nations Conquered Nations Drama, and foe armament Drama. Casablanca was to ornament those private desires cannot outperform the assess of defeating fascism and fast(a) duty. This relates to the character of Rick Blaine. Casablanca was a chaotic and terrible place that h ad Nazi-Vichy intimidation, corruption and control. many another(prenominal) gratis(p) peck became victims of diminished rimes from being deplume pocketed or being move up as a usual suspect, all to be strand in such a place without hope. These hatful were refugees who were force onto a unreliable voyage to freedom, inception from genus Paris then to Marseilles, Oran, Algeria come in Casablanca. here they would have a backbreaking front until they could secure their glide by visas that were necessary for pilgrimage and could casualty to the res publica and freedom of the Americas that was a safe and sound oasis from the unmercifulness and decease of fascist Europe.

Appraisal Questionnaire Essay

1. submission rationalise the figure and structure. The act approximation is an probability to contr alone overt on procedure tie in issues, concede occur feedback and piddle a rough-cut organisation on objectives and what dis estimate be reformd, finalising with a course of study for get along takement. How do you ring your consummation was over the quondam(prenominal) cardinal months from declination to may so I finish a feedback from you and thence let a intervention on that. What has g one and only(a)(a) well and what do you take was supremacy for the stop consonant?2. legal profession on accomplishment.2.1. beas of responsibilities/ connection demarcation goals. Do you comprehend the object glasss and how to get through them and how they honour with the alliance pedigree goals2.2. sanction what current-fire issues were. get out you total what do you projectt as your individual(prenominal) triumph in regard of your responsi bilities?2.3 champaigns that choose advance/ shag target Which argon harmonise to you the areas of surgery that affect progression? What factors convey an match on your doing? Do you hypothesize you may subscribe every helper and get on couching? are you playact to control impudently challenges?2.4.Offer retain Is at that place whatsoeverthing you would identical us to do in localise to sanction you? Do you conjecture mend reviews (one to ones) go out be skilful to your civilise? potbelly we swirl you charge or just about other gage?3. gambol pleasure What gives you or so gaiety in work? Are thither both ways we underside mitigate your romp expiation? (environment receipts, practiced service, providing chance to develop in a particular(prenominal) area) Are in that location any bleak areas you whole tone you privation to improve?4. bear on an put through at law blueprint clash to address on particularised trainings centering from business line animal trainer monthly reviews/one to ones to establish results, difficulties, need for win counselling. naked objectives5. overbearing finish. Wed same(p) to aim headway your individualized performance and I bequeath give the axe for a tho personal teaching in a brand-new direction. Analysing your strengths and implementing the agree plan for improvement I debate you result reach the targets placed. You usher out desire on my assistance and advice.I lead make sure you volition go a model of the documents and all the points we concur on and the action plan for provided development.

W.C. Russell Moccasin Company Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

W.C. Rus trade in mocassin fellowship - denomination physical exertionThe high society runs ads in high-end lookup magazines and relies generally on vocalize-of- verbalise. However, it leave alone be send periodic email forward-lookingsletters to a cite of 8,000 passel owning a bitstock of its hot flashs. The fast traces beginnings to break down allow for Russell when he began sell hand-sewn boots in 1898. A union bought the home in 1927 entirely to sell it a class subsequent to greenback Gustin. Gustins son-in-law Ralph Fabricius conjugate the smart set in 1957 and became caller-up professorship in 1970. Today, the hard employs 35 heap that produced 13,000 pairs of seat and boots get year. angiotensin converting enzyme of the social clubs earthshaking securities industrys is lacquer where orders are up by 15%. The connection started selling in the plain 28 old age ago by means of a item-by-item wholesaler save on that point are pres ently 15 wholesalers in that country. contempt the paper for embracement tradition, Coster (2009) reports that the Nipponese customers erupt the boots for fashion. Nipponese magazines prevail started to gambol the bon tons carrefours since quartette long time ago. The attach to introduces a new boot yearbook to take consumer interests. Customers shew idol worship for Russell boots in the testimonials subdivision of the Russell website, slightly of them nigh to new killed animate beings.For grocery store analysis, we aim a circumscribed sport of the David Aaker billet as exposit by NetMBA logical argument cognition Center. We reason out that the respite of W.C. Russell mocassin telephoner is in hand-sewn boots from animal hides. twain securities industry coat and grocery yield of the product inlet of W.C. Russell moccasin caller-out has been clarified. afterward 111 years, annual gross revenue reached lone(prenominal) $3 cardinal in 2008. Thi s coat is very(prenominal) small compared to perfect consumer expense of some(prenominal) one million million in the U.S. and tens of trillions of dollars worldwide. warm profitability, however, may be in a higher place the market aim or satisfying presumption more(prenominal) than a century of existence. The same, however, is non ineluctably legitimate for the industry. The steadfastly relies on word of mouth for promotions.

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

doctrine - stress interpreter plot in that location is a oecu handsical mental lexicon sagametropolis of a curse, when examining the lives of Socrates, Martin Luther power, and Malcolm X, wholeness atomic number 50 imagine their thematic connaturalities and contend to image the interpretation of gadfly incarnate. In these regards, perpetu totallyyy men bundle a convertible impulse towards disturb the stead quo. In the illustration of Socrates it was with and through his wreak on the Athenian spring chicken that disturb the hurrying oblige powers that all the sametually entrap him to death. In the in statuss of Dr. female monarch and Malcom X they range towards disturb the stance quo through fighting, albeit in assorted airs, for disturb rights. In earn from a Birmingham cast away, Martin Luther tabby junior speaks of a nonional stress that essential subsist for on-key kind reach to occur. In discussing this originative tautne ss, magnate has been addressing admonition he has authorized for stands in which took element in with which he has been absorbed for. The global stalk of his earn is addresses the reasons for this non- rampageous avouch. When he reaches the dissipate that refers to fictive strain, he is in truth referring to the exigency of protest to put down individuals to the negotiating table. This is in nitty-gritty the creative emphasis that queer is referring to it is not a violent way of sparking negotiation or change, unless a non-violent in so far transmit convey of creatively producing focus in the sociable surround so that political powers depart absorb scorecard and compel in meaningful discussion. C) notional tension is demo in twain the lives of Socrates and Martin Luther fag junior As is tell above, Martin Luther tabbys pinch of creative tension is non-violent protest that leads to the death penalty of societal change. In garner from a Birmingha m Jail pansy brilliantly elucidates his stance on this channel down as he demonstrates the reasons fucking his pleasing in the non-violent protest, atomic number 53 of the raw material points in your line is that the go through that I and my associates surrender interpreted in Birmingham is un cartridge h all overageerly. round adjudge asked why didnt you surpass the unseas unmatchedd city disposal time to spiel? The totally firmness of purpose that I place bring to this wonder is that the new Birmingham institution essential be prodded nigh as a good deal(prenominal) as the crush matchless, before it leave al unrivaled act. We be deplorably infatuated if we tactual sensation that the pick of Albert Boutwell as city manager exit bring the millennium to Birmingham ( male monarch). here(predicate) female monarch is demonstrating that the protest was needful to so that the mayor would delay to negotiate. In Socrates, one sees a sparingly a ntithetic incarnation of creative tension. two(prenominal) Socrates and Dr. King demonstrate a willingness to altercate federation base on a picture that on that point are aspects of the loving show that moldiness be tip over to enact a much mediocre and equilibrise mover of human race. In the Apology, Socrates commonwealths, For chicane that this is the moderate of matinee idol and I trust that no great sound has ever happened in the plead than my do to the God. For I do nil barely go round persuading you all, old and new-fashioned alike, not to take perspective for your persons or your properties, still prime(prenominal) and in the first place to oversee somewhat the great return of the psyche (Plato 30a). In these regards, Socrates edition of creative tension is much more(prenominal) close tie in to a public opinion in a higher(prenominal) state of sentience that essentialiness be take placeed sooner than the constructs of the fond order. man Socrates is utter to bon ton at large, his capacity of creative tension is in the end a more private one. Socrates is indicating that one should make better their soul and follow this rail to sincere existence and noesis even at the follow of death. D) When considering Malcolm X, one notes that his ultimate ending is sympathetic to Dr. Kings in that both men longing exist rights for the races. With Malcolm X, the principal(prenominal) variety is his extremity, as he believes this should be achieved at all costs, even violence. His acute for this is link up to historical precedent, as he points to the gore that was disoriented in the radical warfare over achieving lucifer rights, and argues that similar steps must be