The Role Of Energy In Human Development Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

In November, 2009 the UN Development Program ( UNDP ) office noticed that 1.5 Billion individuals of the universe, around one-fourth of flow universe populace are still without power ( EIA World examination, 2009 ) . They are to a great extent in rustic creating universe. We will compose a custom paper test on The Role Of Energy In Human Development Environmental Sciences Essay or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now The UNDP other than featured the squeezing requests to ensure that the vitality requests of creating states are cardinal to any new clime modification understanding. The main part of them who live in obscurity are at all evolved states ( LDCs ) of South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, blending to the investigation ( The Energy Access Situation in Developing States: A Review Focusing on the Least Developed Counties and Sub-Saharan Africa. ) Mr. Olav Kjorven, UNDP Assistant Administrator and Director of the Bureau for Development Policy, told newsmans in New York at the dispatch of the examination: â€Å" Expanding vitality dish is essential to embrace planetary poverty. It needs to go on at the most reduced expense and in the cleanest way conceivable to help creating states set up a low-carbon way to improvement, † He other than noted: â€Å" Almost 50% of the mankind is completely disengaged from the contention on the best way to drive human headway with less radiations and greener vitality on the grounds that their reality is significantly more fundamental than that. They convey substantial tonss of H2O and supplement on their dorsums since they do n’t hold transport ; they cook over wood fires that amendss their wellbeing, non with power, gas or oil, † â€Å" We should ensure that vitality requests of these individuals are cardinal to another clime understanding, † he included, referencing to the bargain to control nursery gas radiations that states are trusting to achieve when they meet in the Danish capital in December, 2009 Kjorven noticed that 2,000,000 individuals bite the dust each twelvemonth from causes related with introduction to smoke from cooking with biomass and coal and 99 percent of those perishes happen in the advancement states. In LDCs and Sub-Saharan A frica, half of all expires from pneumonia in kids under five mature ages, constant lung malady and lung harmful neoplastic infection in adults are credited to the use of strong fuel, contrasted and 38 percent in creating states generally speaking. Curiously, a large portion of these individuals live in a section where there is plentifulness of daylight ( see Figure 1.1 and 1.2 ) , and it is no â€Å" shot logical order † that daylight can be changed over to power. The Photo-voltaic ( PV ) designing that changes over the daylight to power has been known since 1950s, and the offices to hive away PV power when the Sun is reflecting and do it accessible when it is dim has been applied for mature ages. Besides, power created as such is nearby and circulated. It tends to be utilized where it is required, and in this manner wo n’t require transmittal of power from a cardinal bring forthing station to remote country nations, and accordingly would stifle all power transmittal related issues or costs which would be Millions of dollars so as to pass on the power network to these removed rustic nations of the universe. Among the varying vitality usages, run intoing illuming requests reasonably and steadfastly is every now and again the fundamental requests for human life, and the basic key to any financial turn of events, and riddance of human need. Lighting assists individuals with increasing additional clasp for working, perusing in the eventide, lolling more noteworthy security and more solace. The nature of noticeable radiation from an electric start is commonly better when contrasted and kerosine lights or tightens, and is less unsafe to health, and safe. Contrasted with the obvious radiation gave by power that the individuals in the created universe utilization, the noticeable radiation from a kerosine light is truly curbed. So as to peruse under this light 1 has about set the books on the right track over the light. In add-on, being at so close propinquity with these lights, the children will undoubtedly breathe in the depletes from these lights which are poisonous and undesirable. In this m anner, the nonattendance of present day noticeable radiation as gave by the power blocks non just the examining capacity of these hapless children however adjacent to it makes genuine health employments. Pode ( Pode, 2008 ) noted â€Å" In footings of costs, noticeable radiation from kerosine is unmistakably more costly than gave by electric obvious radiations. The expense of utile light vitality ( $/Lumen Hour of obvious radiation ) for kerosine is in excess of multiple times higher than the wasteful glowing bulbs, is in excess of multiple times higher than a Compact Fluorescent noticeable radiation bulb and in excess of multiple times higher than a LED † . The International Finance Corporation ( IFC ) gauges that $ 38 Billion is spent yearly, primarily by the hapless, on fuel-based lighting ( World Bank Group Progress on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Projects in Fiscal Year 2006: Bettering Lifes ) . An adjustment to electric noticeable radiations ( CFL and LED based ) would be under 1/2000 of this huge expenses for illuming, an economy of mammoth extent. 2.1 Introduction Each twenty-four hours around 122 PW of daylight arrives at the Earth ‘s surface. This is copious contrasted with the 13 TW of whole vitality devoured by universes. Sunlight based vitality ( power ) is made by the daylight. At the point when the daylight strikes a PV cell, a stuff produced using Si or sand that is like the stuff utilized in doing figuring machine memory french friess, the vitality contained in the daylight ( the photons ) energizes the molecule inside the semiconducting material stuff, and movement of these free particles makes electromotive power ( direct flow electromotive power ) and electric flow. Hence every piece long as there is Sun, and the daylight hits a PV cell at that spot will be PV power. This is maintainable and is copious. 2.0 System Installation Issues Finished result of sun based PV board can change essentially with its siting-area each piece great as its air ( tilt point ) connection to place of the Sun. Since the PV power is created by the Sun, the whole of daylight hitting the PV cell will discover how much sun powered power can be acquired from a PV cell at an area. The attitude of the Sun as to the PV cell is of import as it would arrange the total of Sun ‘s vitality that would hit the outside of the PV workforce, and its continuation. Consequently, a sunlight based PV board that can follow the Sun as it moves from E to west during the twenty-four hours can deliver the most total of sun oriented power at an area. Where such trailing sun powered PV is non executable, the sun oriented board ought to be mounted at an edge with the goal that it hits the Sun sheer for the majority of the clasp and gets the daylight during the majority of the twenty-four hours, Similarly, shadowing will affect the total of Sun got on the PV b oard and will affect the entirety of finished results. A Solar Pathfinder ( hypertext move convention:/www.solarpathfinder.com ) or comparable instrument ought to be utilized to locate the ideal area of the personnel, and topographic point it. The UNDP has proposed that â€Å" The most essential requests for human improvement are to take long and sound lives, to be knowing, to hold dish to the assets required for a pleasant measure of life and to have the option to participate in the life of the network. Without these, numerous picks are simply non accessible, and numerous odds in life stay unaccessible † ( hypertext move convention:/hdr.undp.org/en/measurements/lists/hdi/, got to 5/1/2010 ) . Since 1970s global Keynesiasm featured the planetary commonality with two significant nations of concerns: another worldwide financial request ( NIEO ) and transportation of assets to the hapless populace of the universe ( the third universe states, 3W ) to run into the essential requests being developed ( Preston, P.W. , ( 1996 ) , Development Theory, ISBN 0-631-19554-8 ) . See figure underneath. The capacity of vitality in human improvement was principal featured in an UN Report, arranged by the Brundtland Commission ( Brundtland Report, ( 1987 ) , United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development ( WCED ) , 1987, hypertext move convention:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brundtland_Commission, got to June, 2010 ) . Absence of course to reasonable vitality was other than noted as one of the significant reasons for destitution and lack of human turn of events. The abberations in vitality utilization between the created universe and the immature universe was other than noted, with a recommendation that the created universe take a more extensive capacity in taking this tremendous uniqueness. The authoritiess of the First universe states and the cardinal foundations of the post-second universe war expansive entrepreneur frameworks, the IMF, the World Banks, the NGOs understood that they should suit to compel per unit territories of change, and pay taking care of this NIEO by transportation of assets to the hapless states to run into their essential requests, and turn toing the vitality need was on the agenda. ( Preston, P.W. , ( 1996 ) , Development Theory, ISBN 0-631-19554-8 ) . We will talk how this improvement assault for the full universe extraordinarily for the vitality hapless states was tended to under this NIEO ( see Figure I.1 ) . Current vitality as gave by power gives numerous odds to human turn of events. It diminishes the clasp expected to execute fundamental family employments. The clasp in this manner spared could be utilized for money coevals, expanded cultural exercises and instructive expectation. It has been resolved that vitality ingestion has significant correlativity with GDP each piece great as HDI. An examination distributed by IEA shows that the states with high ingestion level of per capita power, accomplish upper position of both eco

The Importance Of A Mother Figure In Frankenstein Essays

The Importance Of A Mother Figure In Frankenstein Schuyler Sokolow and Regan Walsh 1/5/00 Frankenstein Essay The Importance of the Absence of a Mother Figure in Frankenstein Frankenstein can be perused as a story of what happens when a man attempts to make a youngster without a lady. It can, in any case, likewise be perused as a record of a lady's nerves and weaknesses about her own innovative and conceptive capacities. Mary Shelley, in the turn of events and instruction of the beast, talks about youngster improvement and training and how the supporting of a caring guardian is critical in the ethical advancement of a person. In Frankenstein, Mary Shelley inspects her own apprehensions and contemplations about pregnancy, labor, and youngster improvement. Pregnancy and labor, just as death, was a significant piece of Mary Shelley's young grown-up life. She had four kids and a premature delivery that nearly murdered her everything before the age of twenty-five. Just one of her kids, Percy Florence, made due to adulthood and outlasted her. In June of 1816, when she had the waking bad dream which turned into the factor of the story, she was just nineteen and had just had her initial two kids. Her first youngster, Clara, was conceived rashly on February 22, 1815, and kicked the bucket on March 6 of that year. Mary, as any lady would be, was crushed by this and set aside a long effort to recuperate. Mary's subsequent youngster, William, was conceived on January 24, 1816. (William kicked the bucket of intestinal sickness June 7,1819 .) The time that Mary had the thought for the story, her first kid had passed on and her second was just a half year old. There is no uncertainty that she expected to be pregnant again and around a half year lat er she was. Pregnancy and childbearing was in the front of Mary's psyche now in her life. Frankenstein is one of the principal stories that communicates the tensions of pregnancy. Clearly male scholars kept away from this theme and it was viewed as poor preference for a lady to examine it. Mary's attention on the birth procedure permitted men to comprehend female feelings of trepidation about pregnancy and consoled ladies that they were not the only one with their tensions. The story communicates Mary's most profound feelings of trepidation: What if my kid is brought into the world disfigured? Might I be able to in any case love it or would I wish it were dead? Consider the possibility that I can't cherish my kid. Am I equipped for bringing up a sound, ordinary kid? Will my kid bite the dust? Would I be able to wish my own youngster to bite the dust? Will my kid slaughter me in labor? Mary was communicating her feelings of dread identified with the demise of her first youngster, her capacity to support, and the way that her mom passed on having her. The entirety of this i s communicated in Victor Frankenstein's finished disappointment in child rearing. For around nine months Victor Frankenstein worked on the formation of his youngster. At long last, he observes the birth: I saw the dull yellow eye of the animal open; it inhaled hard, and a convulsive movement fomented its appendages. (Frankenstein, p.51). Rather than connecting with his kid, Victor surges out of the room, nauseated by the variation from the norm of his creation. At the point when the animal trails him, Victor flees with sickening dread totally forsaking his youngster. While making his youngster, Victor never thought about whether this animal would even need to exist. He additionally didn't take enough mind with the animal's appearance. He was unable to set aside the effort to make little parts so he made a being of massive size. Victor never thought about how such an animal would have the option to exist with people. He didn't require some serious energy with the highlights either and made a being with an appalling appearance. Incapable to acknowledge his creation, Victor relinquishes his youngster and all parental obligation. He even wishes that his kid were dead. I ground my teeth, my eyes got aggravated, and I passionately wished to stifle that life which I had so neglectfully gave (Frankenstein, p.87) From the snapshot of the animal's introduction to the world, Victor thought of it as an evil spirit and manhandled it. Frankenstein speaks to the exemplary instance of a mishandled and ignored kid growing up to be an abuser. The beast's first homicide casualty is a little kid. As Mary Shelley composed the novel, she started

Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments for Paranoia

Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments for Paranoia Addiction Addictive Behaviors Print Paranoia Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 29, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 01, 2019 Rapideye / Getty Images More in Addiction Addictive Behaviors Caffeine Internet Shopping Sex Alcohol Use Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery In This Article Table of Contents Expand Symptoms Causes Treatments View All Back To Top Paranoia is a type of thought process known as a delusion. People who are paranoid have suspicions or even beliefs that are not truly grounded in reality, that they are being watched, or that other people, organizations or forces are acting against them or out to get them. Understanding what is paranoia can help you decide how to cope with or get treatment for it. Symptoms Paranoia can take many different forms, but the most common are: Suspicion of other peoples motives or actionsâ€"why people are doing what you observe them doing, or what you believe they are doing, but have not observed.Unrealistic or exaggerated mistrust of strangers, acquaintances, or loved ones.Questioning what other people are up to, either in your own mind or out loud.Thinking there is a special meaning in the way people look at you, their tone of voice or other aspects of their behavior that do not actually have any special meaning in reality.Believing that special hidden messagesâ€"other than advertisingâ€"are being transmitted to you through the TV, newspapers, mailings, mass emails, or the internet. These thoughts are known as ideas of reference.Believing you have a special role or significance in the world that is unrecognized, unacknowledged or is being thwarted by others. These are just examples of how paranoia can be experienced so you might have an experience of feeling that someone else, or some other force, is acting against or undermining you, which is not on this list but is still a type of paranoia. Causes Paranoid feelings are a normal part of the human experience and are particularly common among people who are vulnerable. For example, when youre walking alone late at night, you might believe you are being followed or watched, even if you are not; if youre under a lot of stress, you might think people are deliberately undermining you; or when you havent had enough sleep, you might develop unrealistic paranoid ideas, simply because you are tired and your brain is not performing at its best. These paranoid feelings generally dont cause for concern and will go away once the situation is over. When paranoia is outside of the range of normal human experiences, it can become problematic. The two most common causes of problematic paranoia are mental health problems and drug use. Paranoia can be a feature of many mental health problems, including depression and bipolar disorder,?? but it is most commonly associated with psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia. Paranoia is also the defining characteristic of paranoid personality disorder. Generally, the more severe the mental illness, the less awareness or insight the person has that she is actually experiencing paranoia, rather than the suspected threat from other people or the world. Paranoia is associated with both intoxication and withdrawal effects of several drugs, including marijuana, alcohol, cocaine, meth, LSD, and bath salts. The more intoxicated the person is, the more likely he may be to believe that others are against him. While a mildly intoxicated marijuana user may laugh at himself for having paranoid feelings, someone who is high on meth, or withdrawing from alcohol, may be so convinced others are against him that he becomes violent, in what he perceives as self-defense.?? Treatments Because paranoia can be a serious symptom of mental illness, it is important to see a doctor as soon as possible if you have experienced significant paranoid feelingsâ€"particularly if they have gone on for several days and you are starting to believe that others actually are against you. Remember: it is natural for people who are feeling paranoid to fear to talk to those in authority, including doctors, so try to keep it at the forefront of your mind that your doctors only interest is helping you to feel better. Your doctor will be able to assess your mental and physical health and advise you on the cause of your paranoia. If you have been using drugs, it may include a period of detox. You might not like this idea but remember: drug use can trigger dormant mental health problems, so if you continue to use drugs while youre having paranoid feelings, it could lead to serious consequences. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs Treatment for paranoia is often successful and will depend on the underlying cause of your symptoms. Pharmaceutical treatments or drugs for paranoia are very effective in treating the condition when it is caused by depression, bipolar disorder, and psychosis, but only a physician can determine the right medication for you. CBT may also be helpful for paranoia when it is substance or medication-induced, and paranoia as a symptom of mental health problems.

Essay about The Lost Boy - 1438 Words

A Child Called quot;itquot; In his two novels A Child Called quot;itquot;, and The Lost Boy, the author, Dave Pelzer explains about his childhood. During that time, author was a young boy from an age 3 to an age 9. David’s mother has started to call him quot; The Boyquot; and quot;it.quot; The author mainly covers the relationship between his family. His main focus point is the bond between his mother and him. He describes his mother as a beautiful woman, who loves and cherished her kids , who changed from this quot; The Mother,quot; who abused him because she was alcoholic and was sick. The Mother used David to take her anger out. An abusive mother who systematically closed down any escape he may have from her clutches. Shuts†¦show more content†¦The outside world knew nothing of his living nightmare. He had nothing or no one to turn to, but his dreams kept him alive - dreams of someone taking care of him, loving him and calling him their son. A Child Called It is a first-person narrative of a severely abused child who has survived to tell his tale. Dave Pelzer tells his story to help others heal from the trauma of the past. You may remember that in training we emphasize how many abused and neglected children remain so attached to their families that they want to live with them at any cost. This was not Dave Pelzers experience. He grew to hate his mother for singling him out for systematic torture. His anger helped him survive: quot;I wanted to show The Bitch that she could beat me only if I died, and I was determined not to give in, even to death.quot; Perhaps the security of his early years helped Dave develop enough resilience to survive the abuse and grow up to be an emotionally healthy adult with a child of his own. As he writes: quot;The challenges of my past have made me immensely strong inside†¦ I have a vast appreciation for things that others may take for granted†¦ My blessings also mean having the oppo rtunity to meet so many people who had a positive impact on my life. The endless sea of faces, prodding me, teaching me to make the right choices, and helping me in my quest for success.quot; Dave’s purpose of writing these books was to tell the world, how he was treated like many other kids areShow MoreRelatedThe Lost Boys Of Sudan Essay1200 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Lost Boys of Sudan; the Long, Long, Long Road to Fargo† by Sara Corbett, The New York Times April 1, 2001. SPEAKER: Sara Corbett, a contributing New York Times writer and journalist, is the speaker and narrator of the lost boys of Sudan. She mainly writes about the struggles of people around the world and the fortitude, or courage, they uphold. According to a recent interview by The Lightning Notes, Corbett states, â€Å"In general, I find myself really interested in moments of fortitude inRead MoreAnalysis Of The Lost Boy By Dave Pelzer732 Words   |  3 PagesThe Lost Boy, written by Dave Pelzer is a heartwarming story of a young nine-year-old boy, David, who has family issues and is constantly being abused by his mother. Dave Pelzer is a New York Times Bestseller and a #1 International Bestseller. He has written other books such as A Child Called â€Å"It†, My Story, and A Man Named Dave, etc. This is my first story read by this author however, I will read more of his work in the near future. The genre of this book I would say is self-help, psychology andRead Moreâ€Å"The Lost Boyâ € 1704 Words   |  7 PagesThe fictional life and death of a twelve year old little boy named Robert is vividly articulated in this moving tale by Thomas Wolfe. The reader learns of the boy’s life through four well developed points of view. 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University of Idaho Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

University of Idaho is a public university with an acceptance rate of 77%. Established in 1889, the University of Idaho is located on a residential campus in Moscow, Idaho. University of Idaho offers 300 academic programs and majors and a 15-to-1 student / faculty ratio. In athletics, the University of Idaho Vandals compete in the NCAA Division I Big Sky Conference. Considering applying to University of Idaho? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, University of Idaho had an acceptance rate of 77%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 77 students were admitted, making University of Idahos admissions process somewhat competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 7,938 Percent Admitted 77% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 23% SAT Scores and Requirements University of Idaho requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 98% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 510 620 Math 500 600 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of University of Idahos admitted students fall within the top 35% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Idaho scored between 510 and 620, while 25% scored below 510 and 25% scored above 620. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 500 and 600, while 25% scored below 500 and 25% scored above 600. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1220 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at University of Idaho. Requirements University of Idaho does not require the SAT writing section or SAT Subject tests. Note that Idaho participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. ACT Scores and Requirements University of Idaho requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 37% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 18 26 Math 19 26 Composite 20 26 This admissions data tells us that most of Idahos admitted students fall within the top 48% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to University of Idaho received a composite ACT score between 20 and 26, while 25% scored above 26 and 25% scored below 20. Requirements University of Idaho does not require the ACT writing section. Unlike many universities, U of I superscores ACT results; your highest subscores from multiple ACT sittings will be considered. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA of University of Idahos incoming freshmen class was 3.41, and nearly 50% of incoming students had GPAs of 3.5 and above. These results suggest that most successful applicants to University of Idaho have primarily B grades. Admissions Chances University of Idaho, which accepts over three-quarters of applicants, has a somewhat selective admissions process. If your SAT/ACT scores and GPA fall within the schools average ranges, you have a strong chance of being accepted. Students with GPAs of 2.4 or above, and SAT composite scores of 1000 or higher, or ACT composite scores of 19 or above meet the initial requirements for admission to University of Idaho. However, University of Idahos admissions process is not entirely numerical. The university also looks for applicants who have completed the schools core academic requirements. Applicants who do not meet the standard admissions criteria may appeal to the schools Admissions Committee. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and  calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. If You Like the University of Idaho, You May Also Like These Schools: University of OregonUniversity of WashingtonUniversity of UtahBoise State UniversityUniversity of ArizonaUniversity of Wyoming All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and University of Idaho Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Crisis Management Free Essays

Crises Management in Public Schools Review of Crisis in Public Schools throughout the United States Throughout the United States students in public schools have experienced many crises. Students have witnessed or experienced many different types of crisis which can include: violence, death, accidents, family issues, natural disasters and terrorism. Statistics from the National Center for Educational Statistics (2008) show that in the 2003-04 school year there were 19 homicides and 3 suicides that occurred at school. We will write a custom essay sample on Crisis Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Outside of school in the 2003-04 school year there were 1,437 homicides and 1,285 suicides of youth ages 5 to 18. According to the Fatality Analysis Reporting System Encyclopedia (2008) in the year 2007, there were 2,022 children ages 0-15 and 5,338 teens ages 16-20 who died in fatal car accident. Other crises include disasters. Since 2003 there have been 4 hurricanes (hurricanes Isabel, Ivan, Katrina, and Ophelia) in the United States. Hurricane Katrina displaced over 372,000 school-aged children (Dickenson, 2008). In the September 11 attack, there were 3,051 children who lost a parent (New York Media, 2008). Earthquakes, thunderstorms, and tornadoes also have caused major fatalities and displacements. Public Schools in the United States â€Å"need to be ready to handle crisis, large and small, to keep children and staff out of harm’s way†. There must be a â€Å"Crisis Intervention or Management Plan†, in case any of these crises occur in the school. Unfortunately, not all do. School Psychologists play a significant role of the crisis management team and should review the plan and know their part in crisis management for schools during and after the crises occurs. Crisis Management, as defined by The Model School Crisis Management Plan (1999), is â€Å"that part of a school division’s approach to school safety which focuses more narrowly on a time-limited, problem-focused intervention to identify, confront and resolve the crisis, restore equilibrium, and support appropriate adaptive responses†. This paper will address the following: recent research on what school crisis management plans should include, definition and signs of posttraumatic stress disorder, and resources to guide school psychologists in playing an important role in risis management. Resent research on crisis management plans The Center for Mental Health in Schools at UCLA (2008) created a 161 page crisis prevention and response plan for schools to use as a resource. In it they define the major facets of crisis response as being: 1. communication, 2. direction and coordination, and 3. health and safety. These major facets should be implemented during the emergency, immediate aftermath, days/weeks following, and in prevention. The Psychological First Aid approach which was developed by the National Center for PTSD to help children, adolescents, adults, and families in the immediate aftermath of disaster and terrorism should also be included in the crisis management plan. It is â€Å"designed to reduce the initial distress caused by traumatic events and to foster short-and long-term adaptive functioning and coping† (NCTSN, 2006). The Psychological First Aid for school aged children should be implemented immediately after the trauma and includes three basic objectives: managing the situation, mobilizing support, and following up. Definition and signs of posttraumatic stress disorder Posttraumatic Stress Disorder â€Å"is an anxiety disorder that can occur after you have been through a traumatic event†¦ during this type of event, you think that your life or others’ lives are in danger. You may feel afraid or feel that you have no control over what is happening† (NCPTSD, 2008). If these feelings persist over a long time and interfere with a person’s daily life, they are experiencing PTSD. Elementary school-aged children show different signs of PTSD than adults. Instead of experiencing flashbacks or amnesia, children experience â€Å"time skew† (mis-sequencing trauma related events) and â€Å"omen formation† (belief that there were warning signs that predicted the trauma) and may reenact the trauma in play, drawings, or verbalization (Hamblen, 1998). Adolescents resemble the signs of adults, but may also reenact the trauma in some part of their daily life. Resources for school psychologists in crisis management The National Association of School Psychologists (2000) has a list of website resources that guide school psychologists on various school safety and crisis information. Some resources include: school safety/violence prevention, suicide prevention/intervention, trauma, natural disasters, and war/terrorism materials. One approach the NASP recommends for school psychologists in identifying coping strategies is the BASIC Ph Coping Model by Dr. Mooli Lahad. The model â€Å"suggests that people possess six potential characteristics or dimensions that are at the core of an individual’s coping style† (Zenere, 2004). The six coping styles are Belief, Affect, Social, Imagination, Cognitive, and Physiological. There are many organizations and associations listed on the Ed. gov â€Å"Emergency Planning† website. It is important for school psychologists to recognize their important role in the crisis management team. They should use the resources available to them to aid in the school’s process of developing the crisis management plan. School psychologists should also stay up-to-date on current research regarding outcomes of tragedy in children. Together as a team, they have the ability to help children, and hopefully reduce PTSD in children after a trauma. References Center for Mental Health in Schools at UCLA. (2008). Responding to a Crisis at a School. Los Angeles, CA: Author. Retrieved December 2, 2008, from http://smhp. psych. ucla. edu/ Dickenson, C. (2008, November). Children Displaced by Hurricane Katrina. Communique, 37(3), 32. Fatality Analysis Reporting System Encyclopedia (2008). National Statistics. Retrieved December 2, 2008, from http://www-fars. nhtsa. dot. gov/Main/index. aspx Hamblen, J. (1998). PTSD in Children and Adolescents. National Center for PTSD. Retrieved December 2, 2008, from http://www. ncptsd. va. ov/ncmain/ncdocs/fact_shts/fs_children. html National Association of School Psychologists (2000). Information for Educators. Retrieved December 3, 2008, from http://www. nasponline. org/educators/index. aspx National Center for Education Statistics (2008). Indicators of School Crime and Safety:2007. Retrieved December 2, 2008, from http://nces. ed. gov/programs/crimeindicators/crimeindicators2007/ NCTSN: National Child Trau matic Stress Network (2006). Psychological First Aid: Field Operations Guide (2nd Ed). Retrieved December 3, 2008, from http://www. ncptsd. va. ov/ncmain/ncdocs/manuals/smallerPFA_2ndEditionwithappendices. pdf U. S. Department of Education (2008). Emergency Planning. Retrieved December 2, 2008, from http://www. ed. gov/admins/lead/safety/emergencyplan/index. html Virginia General Assembly (1999). The Model School Crisis Management Plan, 2. Retrieved December 2, 2008, from http://pen6. pen. k12. va. us/VDOE/Instruction/model. html Zenere, F. (2004). How Children with Trauma and Ongoing Threat: The BASIC Ph Model. National Association of School Psychologists. Retrieved December 2, 2008, from http://www. nasponline. org/ How to cite Crisis Management, Essay examples

New Haven Wound Treatment Center

Question: Discuss the skill and traits of primary leader in the case and relevant action to address the issue. Answer: Summary of the case The problem noticed in New Haven Wound Treatment Center is that nurse managers and nurses have started recommending physician to use a new product called Healthy Healing to treat wounds of patients. Physicians has been using a different and more efficacious product for wound healing since many years and they have complained that nurse are so insistent on using the new product that they have started ignoring physicians order too. Another serious trend that has been noticed in the hospital is that nurses are ignoring their duty as a care provider and their purpose of using this product is not for improvement of health outcome in patients. Instead they are interested in using more Healthy Healing products to get more HH points and gain material gain. Skill and traits of primary leader in the case Seeing the problem of conflict of interest among nurses, another problem is that they nurse manager is also not accountable enough to curb this hazardous interest among nurses. The nurse managers are also supporting the nurse and feels that using this product will be beneficial. She feels that the more HH points are gained by the nurses, the more products can be brought by it. The nurse manager defends the nurses by saying that if there was any problem with the product, the hospital authorities would have never allowed the sales person of Health Healing to come to the clinic. Relevant action to address the issue As a health care administrator of New Haven Wound Treatment center, I feel that this is disturbing trend will create great problem for patients and it is necessary to immediately cancel the healthy healing points system. As an administrator in the center it is my duty to see that nurse follow the guideline of practice set by the organization. Conflict between physician and nurse is also not good for the progress of the wound treatment center. It is my duty to promote patient safety and employee safety in the clinic. I will have to intervene to prevent disruptive behavior by meeting with CEO to address the problem. First of all it is necessary to strictly remove the health healing system and then nurse manager must be encouraged to monitor that professional code of conduct of nursing is consistently maintained in the organization. According to professional code of conduct, nurses must be accountable enough to provide safe and competent care to patients. They should strictly prohibit a ctivities that do not come under the scope of nursing practice (Masters, 2015). As health administrator I will ensure that nurse do not compromise their duty of care under any condition. Mainly the particular problem in the case has arise because of interference of personal work with professional duties. Hence as a leader I will develop a disciplinary structure so that conflicts among employees as well as employees are minimized (Almost et al., 2016). It will also be necessary to make all staff aware that apart from nursing duties they also need to conform to ethical duty of care. Ethical policy education may help to reduce conflicts (Grace, 2013). Reference Almost, J., Wolff, A. C., Stewart Pyne, A., McCormick, L. G., Strachan, D., D'Souza, C. (2016). Managing and mitigating conflict in healthcare teams: an integrative review.Journal of advanced nursing. Grace, P. J. (2013).Nursing ethics and professional responsibility in advanced practice. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Masters, K. (2015).Role development in professional nursing practice. Jones Bartlett Publishers.